A Day On Wikipedia

Sir William ”’Beddoe Rees”’, usually known simply as Beddoe Rees (1877 – 12 May 1931)<ref>”Who was Who”, OUP 2007 & Leigh Rayment give Rees’ date of death as 12 May 1931 but ”The Times” newspaper records it as 13 May</ref> was a Welsh industrialist and [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician.

==Family and education==
Beddoe Rees was born in [[Maesteg]], [[Glamorganshire]] the son of the late Isaac Rees, also of Maesteg. He was educated privately and at the [[University of Wales]]<ref>”Who was Who”, OUP 2007</ref>. In 1925 he married Elsbeth, daughter of the late Robert Jones-Griffith, of [[Dolgellau]] in [[Merionethshire]]. They had one son. In religion Rees was a [[nonconformist]] eventually becoming Joint Treasurer of the National Free Church Council of England and sometime President of the National Free Church Council of Wales. The National Free Church Council has been described as the ‘political arm’ of nonconformity<ref>Gerald Parsons & James R. Moore,”Religion in Victorian Britain: Sources”; Manchester University Press, 1988 p88</ref>.

==Business==
Rees built up extensive business interests becoming the Chairman of a number of companies, mostly in the coal mining and related industries. These included Ashburnham Collieries, Ltd<ref>A E C Hare, ”The Anthracite Coal Industry of the Swansea District”; University of Wales Press, 1940 p44</ref>, Ashburnham Steamship and Coal Co. Ltd and North Amman Collieries. He was also a Director of Amalgamated Anthracite Collieries and Welsh Anthracite Collieries, Ltd<ref>”Who was Who”, OUP 2007</ref>. At the end of his life however, Rees suffered a complete reversal of financial fortune with the failure of his financial affairs, and he was adjudged [[Bankruptcy in the United Kingdom|bankrupt]] on 24 July 1930, the debt involving many thousands of pounds<ref>The Times, 30.7.30</ref>. After two adjournments for illness Rees finally appeared for examination on 9 December 1930. He lodged accounts showing total liabilities of £415,951 against assets of £528. However in March 1931 his debts were discharged, despite the objection of the [[Official Receiver]] that he had engaged in rash and hazardous speculation and unjustifiable extravagance in living. The Registrar of the Bankruptcy Court accepted that the depression in the Welsh coal industry had been out of Rees’ control and that the state of the stock market meant other share dealings financed on borrowed monies provided no income in dividend. He also seemed to accept that Rees had been punished personally, in business and socially by the fact of his bankruptcy<ref>The Times, 4.3.31</ref>. Rees died soon after these proceedings in May 1931.

==Knighthood==
Rees was [[knighted]] in June 1917 for his work as chairman of Welsh Garden Cities Ltd,<ref>The Times, 10.12.30</ref> a commercial body, the most striking legacy of which in cooperation with other housing and town planning organisations, was the suburb of [[Rhiwbina]] in the north of Cardiff<ref>Kenneth O Morgan, ”Rebirth of a Nation: Wales, 1880-1980”; Oxford University Press, 1981 p127</ref>.

==Liberal Candidate in Cannock==
Rees first stood for [[Parliament]] as a Liberal at the [[United Kingdom general election, 1918|1918 general election]] in [[Cannock (UK Parliament constituency)|Cannock]], [[Staffordshire]]. His opponent was the sitting [[Member of Parliament|MP]] and former [[Chief Whip]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the wartime coalition government. Despite Labour having withdrawn from the Coalition to fight the election as an independent party<ref>The Times, 23.11.18</ref>, Parker announced that he was to remain at his post and would fight the election as [[Coalition Government 1916–1922|Coalition candidate]]<ref>The Times, 25.11.18</ref>. Parker was the only Labour man to support the Coalition in the election and in some reports was described as a Liberal, although it is not completely clear if received the government Coupon<ref>Trevor Wilson, ”The Downfall of the Liberal Party, 1914-1935”; Cornell Univesty Press, 1966 p.158</ref>. After the election however he retained his job as a government whip being appointed one of the [[Lord Commissioner of the Treasury| Lords Commissioners of the Treasury]]<ref>The Times, 11.1.19</ref>.

==MP for [[Bristol South (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol South]]==
After the disappointment of Cannock, Rees found a political home in [[Bristol]]. Despite being opposed by a coalition candidate in Cannock, Rees was a natural supporter of the Lloyd George coalition. He was typical of the backbench Coalition Liberals of the period, many of whom were wealthy industrialists. On the backbenches the party was strongest in terms of bank balances rather than political expertise<ref>Chris Cook, ”Age of Alignment: Electoral Politics in Britain 1922-29”; Macmillan, 1975 p15n</ref>. His wealth, his position in industry, his fierce anti-socialism, all commended him to [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] as his nonconformity, his interest in Welsh national movements<ref>Who was Who, OUP 2007</ref> and his support for free trade made him attractive to Liberals. Bristol was a coalition stronghold, all five seats in the city being represented at the 1918 general election by parties and candidates supporting the coalition. The sitting Liberal MP for Bristol South, Sir William Howell Davies, who had represented the constituency since [[United Kingdom general election, 1906|1906]], was retiring and Rees was selected to replace him. Despite the fall of the Lloyd George coalition following the vote of the Conservative Party at the [[Carlton Club]], the Tories were reluctant to break the electoral arrangements in Bristol which ensured straight fights in all the seats against Labour to the benefit of their candidates and the Conservatives did not oppose Rees in his contest with D J Vaughan, the Labour man. Thus Rees was elected to Parliament at the [[United Kingdom general election, 1922|1922 general election]] with a majority of 3,459 votes.

Rees waited some months before making his [[maiden speech]] and chose a debate about miners’ wages in which to make his first contribution. According to [[The Times]] newspaper it was an ‘excellent maiden speech’. In the speech Rees opposed the Bill designed to establish a minimum wage for coal miners, arguing that its real outcome would be to create a great combine of mineworkers with an organisation capable of holding the country to ransom<ref>The Times, 22.6.23</ref>.

==[[United Kingdom general election, 1923|The 1923 General Election]]==
Rees, despite his public support for the traditional Liberal policy of Free Trade<ref>The Times, 20.11.23</ref> was not an ideological free-trader. He voted in Parliament for the Safeguarding of Industries Act and was in favour of some measure of protection for home markets, an attitude typical of the Bristol merchant class<ref>The Times, 20.11.23</ref>. Despite this, Rees took his stand as a free-trader again at the [[United Kingdom general election, 1923|1923 general election]], presumably to enable him to benefit from the Liberal campaign nationally in support of free trade following [[Stanley Baldwin| Stanley Baldwin’s]] calling of the election to gain a mandate for imposing tariffs. This approach allowed the Liberals to gain the votes of free-trade Conservatives while retaining their traditional support in rural seats<ref>David Dutton, ”A History of the Liberal Party in the Twentieth Century”; Palgrave Macmillan, 2004 pp 91-92</ref>. In Bristol South, Rees again had the full support of the local Conservative Association<ref>Bristol Times & Mirror, 20.11.23</ref> as well as the Liberals in his fight against the Labour candidate D J Vaughan on an avowedly anti-socialist ticket<ref>The Times, 5.12.23</ref>. It was a noisy and unpleasant campaign with meetings descending into violence. However Rees beat Vaughan by 15,235 to 13,701 – a majority of 1,534<ref>The Times, 30.10.24</ref>.

==Liberal divisions==
As a Coalition Liberal, Rees was associated with support for [[Lloyd George]]. However, according to the historian Michael Bentley, by 1924 Rees was part of ‘a small group of Liberal Imperialists’ numbering about 12 MPs who were presumably beginning to be wary of some of Lloyd George’s policy positions and his place on the political spectrum in relation to the emerging force of the Labour Party<ref>Michael Bentley, ”The Liberal Mind 1914-1929”; Cambridge University Press, 1977, p95</ref>. Rees did later back Lloyd George however. His name was on a list of MPs sent to Lloyd George by [[Freddie Guest]] on 1 June 1926 with a promise of support for his leadership, as long as he would give an assurance that he would not enter into an alliance with Labour or support [[nationalisation]] of industry. Lloyd George’s carefully worded reply was successful in ensuring the support of enough MPs for his continued leadership of the party. In the end Rees did not actually vote for Lloyd George as he was absent from the critical meeting of Parliamentary Liberal Party on 1 February 1926<ref>The Times, 2.2.26</ref>.

Nevertheless, Rees’ association with the Conservatives brought him into conflict with his own party over the issue of support for the formation of a Labour government after the 1923 election. He was unable to support [[Asquith]]’s position of allowing Labour to take office, although he told his electors in Bristol that there was no Liberal principle involved it was merely a matter of being true to the position on which he had fought the last election<ref>The Times, 21.1.24</ref>. He was one of ten Liberals to support Baldwin’s attempt to remain in office<ref>The Times, 22.1.24</ref>. He then voted with the Conservatives on numerous occasions during the rest of the Parliament<ref>The Times, 7.3.24; 13.3.24, 8.4.24, 14.5.24, 23.5.24, 24.5.24, 30.5.24, 19.6.24, 1.8.24</ref> although he was rarely the only Liberal MP to defy the party line. The party was embarrassed by these divisions in their Parliamentary ranks<ref>Cook op cit, p242</ref> but they were reaping the harvest of the Asquith–Lloyd George split and the problems which developed during Lloyd George’s coalition with the Conservatives. Liberal unity did not really improve until after Asquith’s death in 1928 and the need for the Liberal Party to reunify in the face of the [[United Kingdom general election, 1929|1929 general election]]. Rees’ position was not always appreciated by the local Liberals either. At the end of July 1927 a deputation from the Western Liberal Federation went to see the Chief Whip at Liberal Party headquarters. They complained about the political conduct of Freddie Guest, the member for [[Bristol North (UK Parliament constituency)|Bristol North]] and Beddoe Rees, because of the number of occasions they had voted with the Government against the rest of the members of the party. They requested that the whip should be withdrawn from them<ref>http://www.gertlushonline.co.uk/1927—1928—bristol-chronicles.html</ref>.

==1924-1929==
By the time of the [[United Kingdom general election, 1924|1924 general election]], Labour had become much more optimistic about doing well in Bristol and thought they would win against Rees<ref>The Times, 13.10.24</ref>. Rees against faced his usual Labour opponent D J Vaughan and the continuing local ‘pact’ with the Unionists meant another straight fight<ref>The Times, 28.10.24</ref>. Despite Labour hopes, Rees held the seat by 16,722 votes to Vaughan’s 15,702 – a reduced majority of 1,020<ref>The Times, 30.10.24</ref>.

The local arrangement with the Conservatives survived for the [[United Kingdom general election, 1929|1929 general election]] and again Rees had no Tory opponent<ref>The Times, 2.5.29</ref>. Again the result was expected to be close<ref>The Times, 30.5.29</ref> but in the end it was a comfortable win for the new Labour candidate [[Alexander Walkden]] who had a majority of 5,397<ref>The Times, 31.5.29</ref>. Vaughan had finally abandoned Bristol South and had accepted the offer to stand in the Labour seat of [[Forest of Dean (UK Parliament constituency)|Forest of Dean]] where he was also elected.

==Note==
Beddoe Rees should not be confused with the Welsh architect of the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]], Sir William Beddoe-Rees (1877-1931).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

*See also [[List of Liberal Party (UK) MPs]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rees, Beddoe}}
[[Category:Liberal MPs (UK)]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1922-1923]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1923-1924]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1924-1929]]
[[Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies]]
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1931 deaths]]
[[Category:Liberal Party politicians (UK)]]

{{Infobox MP
|image =
|name = Martin Dixon
|honorific-suffix = [[Member of Parliament#Australia|MP]]
|caption =
|constituency_MP = [[Electoral district of Nepean|Nepean]]
|parliament = Australian
|term_start = 1996
|term_end = present
|predecessor = Tony Hyams
|successor = Incumbent
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Liberal Party of Australia]]
|alma_mater = [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[La Trobe University]]
|occupation =
|profession = Education
|website = [http://www.martindixon.org www.martindixon.org]
|footnotes =
}}

”’Martin Dixon”’ is an [[Australia]]n [[politician]]. He is a [[Liberal Party of Australia]] member of the [[Victorian Legislative Assembly]]. He currently serves as Shadow [[Minister for Education]] and as a member of the the Commonwealth Election Observers Panel. Dixon was elected as the Member for the [[Electoral district of Dromana]] at the [[Victorian state election, 1996|1996]] and [[Victorian state election, 1999|1999]] Victorian state elections. At the [[Victorian state election, 2002|2002 Victorian state election]], after the electoral boundaries were redistributed in 2001, Dixon was elected as the first Member of the newly created [[Electoral district of Nepean]]. He was reelected for this seat at the [[2006 Victorian state election]].

Dixon was educated at [[Marcellin College]], the [[Australian Catholic University]] and [[La Trobe University]]. Prior to entering Parliament, he worked as a teacher, a school principal and as Deputy Chairman of Primary Education at the Catholic Education Office in [[Melbourne]].

==References==
*[http://www.martindixon.org/biography.php www.martindixon.org]

{{Australia-Liberal-politician-stub}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dixon, Martin}}
[[Category:La Trobe University alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Australia politicians]]
[[Category:People from Melbourne]]
[[Category:Victoria (Australia) state politicians]]

The ”’pointe du Grand Gouin”’ is a rocky promontory with vertical cliffs to the west of the inlet of [[Camaret-sur-Mer]]. It protects a port which, in [[Vauban]]’s era, was vulnerable to possible landings. It is divided into the Grand Gouin (the top of the cliff) and the Petit Gouin (mid-cliff).

== Grand Gouin ==
In 1693, Vauban began to organise the defences of Brest with batteries and fortifications all along the Cameret bay, from the pointe du Gouin to the [[Quélern]] lines ([[Louis XIV of France]] had been warned of an Anglo-Dutch attack in the area, but did not know its precise landing point). In 1695 a [[mortar (weapon)|mortar]] battery was set up on the Grand Gouin, though its location is now unknown<ref name=mil>{{DionBrest}}</ref>. These mortar batteries could be directed towards the Cameret inlet and crossed their field of fire with those at [[Tremet]], as well as covering the [[goulet de Brest]] to harry an approaching enemy.<ref name=mil/>

The Germans built a platform for four 220mm ”Schneider” guns on a new site here between 1942 and 1943, known as Camaret battery and manned by the 1/1274 HKAA (”Heeres-Küsten-Artillerie-Abteilung”). This had a range of 22km and formed the most important coastal defence for the [[Crozon]] peninsula. It was made up of four batteries (one gun each), each accompanied by four bunkers, as well as a fire-direction point and many anti-aircraft guns.<ref name=mil/>

== Petit Gouin ==
A battery was built here in 1813, and reorganised in 1859 (during the reinforcement of coastal defence begun in 1841) as a model-redoubt (1846 type, number two)<ref name=mil/>. In 1941 the Germans added 2 barrack-casemates on a platform, both armed with nearby 105mm guns. There is also an underground magazine on the site.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons cat}}
* [http://www.fortiff.be/iff/index.php?p=244 batteries du Petit Gouin] (photos)
”’Inventaire général des monuments et des richesses artistiques de la France”’
* [http://www4.culture.fr/patrimoines/patrimoine_architectural_et_mobilier/sribzh/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29001318&q=sdx_q0&n=2 pointe du Grand Gouin]

* [http://www4.culture.fr/patrimoines/patrimoine_architectural_et_mobilier/sribzh/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29001319&q=sdx_q0 pointe du Petit Gouin]

[[fr:Pointe du Grand Gouin]]

[[Category:Fortifications of Brest]]