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The ”’International Studies of Infarct Survival”’ (”’ISIS”’) were four [[randomized controlled trial]]s of several [[drug]]s for treating suspected [[acute (medicine)|acute]] [[myocardial infarction]] (‘heart attack’). More than 134,000 patients from over 20 countries took part in four large simple trials between 1981 and 1993, coordinated from [[Oxford]], England.<ref name=Hennekens1998>{{citation
| last1 = Hennekens | first1 = Charles H.
| year = 1998
| title = Trials of Thrombolytic Therapy: the International Studies of Infarct Survival Experience
| journal = Journal of Interventional Cardiology
| volume = 11
| pages = 1
| doi = 10.1111/j.1540-8183.1998.tb00089.x
}}</ref><ref name=Hennekens2005>{{Citation
| last = Hennekens | first = Charles H.
| last2 = Skerrett | first2 = P.J.
| year = 2005
| title = International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS)
| doi = 10.1002/0470011815.b2a01031
| journal = Encyclopedia of Biostatistics
}}</ref>

==ISIS-1==
The First International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-1) was a [[placebo]]-controlled trial of the [[beta-blocker]] [[atenolol]]. It recruited 16,027 patients and was completed in 1985.<ref>{{citation
| year = 1986
| author = ISIS-1 (Second International Study of lnfarct Survival) Collaborative Group
| title = Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16027 cases of suspected acute myocardial
infarction: ISIS-1
| journal = The Lancet
| volume = 328
| pages = 57-66
| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92833-4
}}</ref>

==ISIS-2==
The Second International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-2) was a 2×2 [[factorial experiment|factorial]] [[placebo]]-controlled trial of the [[thrombolytic]] drug [[streptokinase]] and [[aspirin]]. It recruited 17,187 patients and was completed in 1988.<ref>{{citation
| year = 1988
| author = ISIS-2 (Second International Study of lnfarct Survival) Collaborative Group
| title = Randomised Trial of Intravenous Streptokinase, Oral Aspirin, Both, or Neither Among 17 187 Cases of Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction: ISIS-2
| journal = The Lancet
| volume = 332
| pages = 349-360
| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92833-4
}}</ref>

==ISIS-3==
The Third International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-3) was a 3×2 [[factorial experiment|factorial]] trial that compared the three [[thrombolytic]] drugs [[streptokinase]], [[tissue plasminogen activator]] (tPA) and [[anistreplase]] to each other, and also compared the [[anticoagulant]] [[heparin]] to no heparin. All patients were also given [[aspirin]]. It recruited 41,299 patients and was completed in 1991.<ref name=Isis1992>{{citation
| author = ISIS-3 (Third International Study of lnfarct Survival) Collaborative Group
| year = 1992
| title = ISIS-3: a randomised comparison of streptokinase vs tissue plasminogen activator vs anistreplase and of aspirin plus heparin vs aspirin alone among 41 299 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction
| journal = The Lancet
| volume = 339
| pages = 753-770
| doi = 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91893-D
}}</ref>

==ISIS-4==
The Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-4) was a 2×2×2 [[factorial experiment|factorial]] [[placebo]]-controlled trial of the [[angiotensin-converting enzyme]] inhibitor ([[ACE inhibitor]]) [[captopril]], [[mononitrate]] and [[magnesium sulphate]]. It recruited 58,050 patients and was completed in 1993.<ref name=Isis1995>{{citation
| author = ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group
| year = 1995
| title = ISIS-4: A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58 050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction
| journal = The Lancet
| volume = 345
| pages = 669-682
| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90865-X
}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[GISSI]]
*[[Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction]] (TIMI)

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:clinical trials]]
[[Category:Interventional cardiology]]

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