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Rangefinder cameras are cameras that have been fitted with a rangefinder, which allows the photographer to calculate subject distance allowing for sharp photographs. They’re generally small, much like a point and shoot but unlike point and shoots rangefinders have interchangeable lenses. Unlike an SLR or DSLR rangefinders do not have a reflex lens. Instead you look through the viewfinder and have to compensate for the distance between the lens and viewfinder when framing a shot.

To illustrate this point, here is a nifty video that shows how to focus a rangefinder camera.

(via Petapixel)