This is Part 3 of our series on Ken Bain’s visit to BGSU. Ken serves as Vice Provost, Professor of History, and Director of the Research Academy for University Learning at Montclair State University and is the author of “What the Best College Teachers Do.”
In order to create an effective learning environment, 2-3 very complex conditions need to take place:
1) Create an “expectation failure”
We learn from our mistakes often better than from our successes. Bain suggests that teachers need to put the learner in a situation where their existing paradigm does not work, then rebuild it from there. This is usually created from some sort of intellectual challenge or cognitive dissonance. “It needs to be more than just telling them the truth – that doesn’t work,” explains Bain. (i.e. – lecture doesn’t work – for long term, for most students)
2) Make it meaningful or engaging
The learner has to care deeply enough to struggle through the incongruity (and this needs to be timely… if it takes too long, they are onto other things)
Teachers must carefully select mental models or paradigms that can cause this incongruity, but yet attract student interest, leading to student engagement. In other words, “How can you create an expectation failure where students will care enough to struggle through it?”
3) Provide emotional support (if needed)
As students encounter a challenge to their beliefs, some sort of emotional support may be needed, especially when dealing with most religious convictions, which are very difficult for students to question, let alone consider alternatives.
What do you think about these conditions for effective learning environments? Do you agree? What other conditions are needed, if any?
Click on the COMMENTS link below to leave your thoughts!
December 12th, 2007
Stock.xchng is a leading, free, stock photo site. This site is great for generic searches, yielding high-resolution images that could be used to enhance student or faculty presentations or applied to any other visual media projects.
Along with browsing over 250,000 quality stock photos by more than 25,000 photographers, you can share your own personal photography as well.
If your search doesn’t yield a large number of free results, there is a linked site, stockxpert.com, which produces results at the bottom of the page showing images available for purchase.
All you need is a free account to begin your search!
How do you use images in your teaching or presentations? What other image sites have you or your students used?
Click on the COMMENTS link below to post your thoughts!
December 10th, 2007
In addition to the traditional books offered by the university library, OhioLink has a large section of E-Books available. Here are some of the books currently available.
From Principles of Learning to Strategies for Instruction: Empirically Based Ingredients to Guide Instructional Development 2004
The purpose of this volume is to help educators and training
developers to improve the quality of their instruction. The authors present a four-stage model that includes acquisition, automaticity, near term transfer, and far term transfer.
Learning and Teaching for the Twenty-First Century: Festschrift for Professor Phillip Hughes 2007
This book stresses learning and teaching, rather than teaching
and learning. The focus is therefore on how learning can be
enhanced, through effective teaching; and how individuals can be
best prepared to be excellent teachers.
Engaged Learning with Emerging Technologies 2006
The major purpose of this book is to present and discuss current
thinking, theories, conceptual frameworks, models and promising
examples of engaged learning with emerging technologies.
International Handbook of Virtual Learning Environments Series: Springer International Handbooks of Education , Vol. 14 2006
The International Handbook of Virtual Learning
Environments was developed to explore Virtual Learning
Environments (VLEís), and their relationships with digital, in
real life and virtual worlds.
*Also available in hardcopy
Rethinking University Teaching: A Conversational Framework for the Effective Use of Learning Technologies 2002
This new
edition builds upon the success of the first and contains major
updates to the information on learning technologies and includes
the implications of using technology for the university context -
both campus and electronic – which suggests a new approach to
managing learning at institutional level.
*Also available in hardcopy
What’s the Point in Discussion?
2000.
This text presents the skills of discussion and how they can be
taught in the context of developing what the author refers to as
a thinking society.
These and many more E-Books can be found here:
http://ebooks.ohiolink.edu/xtf-ebc/search?subject=Education
What do you think about these E-Books? What are your favorite E-Books?
Click on the COMMENTS link below to post your thoughts!
December 7th, 2007
From the Research Academy website at Montclair State University, Ken Bain’s research includes a list of a dozen requirements for meaningful student learning . . .
- They try to answer questions or solve problems they find interesting, intriguing, important, or beautiful;
- They can try, fail, receive feedback, and try again before anyone makes a judgment of their work;
- They can work collaboratively with other learners struggling with the same problems;
- They face repeated challenges to their existing fundamental paradigms;
- They care that their existing paradigms do not work;
- They can get support (emotional, physical, and intellectual) when they need it;
- They feel in control of their own learning, not manipulated;
- They believe that their work will be considered fairly and honestly;
- They believe that their work will matter;
- They believe that intelligence and abilities are expandable, that if they work hard, they will get better at it;
- They believe other people have faith in their ability to learn;
- They believe that they can learn.
What else should be added to this list? As educators, what is our role in helping students to believe they can learn?. . . Click on the COMMENTS link below to leave your thoughts!
November 27th, 2007
Ken Bain, Vice Provost, Professor of History, and Director of the Research Academy for University Learning at Montclair State University, visited campus on November 5th to present “Little Things Make a Big Difference” at the College of Arts & Sciences Forum. Author of “What the Best College Teachers Do,” Dr. Bain also facilitated two workshops based on his book and the years of research he has conducted.
Over the next couple weeks, we will highlight some of the insights offered during these sessions. Here is the first installment. . .
In the morning session, Bain asked participants to, “Think about the best teacher you’ve ever had; one that had a profound influence on what you feel and think. What were some traits of this teacher?“
Some of the responses. . .
- firm, yet caring
- in love with subject
- moved students into leadership positions
- high expectations, especially for college (even in elementary)
- generosity
- demanding of self & others
- passionate
- well prepared
- good listeners; learned from the students too
- authenticity
- humility
- help students feel comfortable
- belief in the student
- hands-on learning activities
- identify strengths in individuals
- personal (yet, professional) relationship with students
- role model for them; even outside of the classroom
- inspirational
- joy of learning exuded to students
- techniques and process behind learning/how to learn & preparations for learning
- sense of care about topic and self as scholar
- understood why did what done and explained why to the students
- charisma – makes subject come alive; passionate about helping students learn
- encouraging; pushed to do more
What traits, if any, are missing from this list?. . . Click on the COMMENTS link below to get started!
November 19th, 2007
The following is an article from our Fall #2 “Communicating for Learners” newsletter. We encourage your comments, thoughts, experiences, and questions as they relate to this concept of a “new world” learning paradigm. Click on the COMMENTS link below to get started!
The change of seasons can be a small reminder of the myriad of changes going on all around us—at
BGSU, in Ohio, nationally, and globally. These large-scale, institutional, and even global changes necessitate a journey of discovery with new directions and paradigms.
The research-based concept of a “new” paradigm for learning in higher education was originally proposed over a decade ago. In 1995, when the term “paradigm shift” was all the rage, Barr and Tagg described a shift from an instructional paradigm to a learning paradigm. Then in 1997, Smith and Waller set forth over a dozen examples of changing paradigms for learning. More recently, Fink (2003) echoed the need for moving from a content-centered to a learner-centered paradigm, while Bain (2004) uncovered the effectiveness of challenging students’ existing models or paradigms, helping them transform existing understandings into better, more accurate models of truth.
Semantics aside, the change involves a clear shift from one-dimensional, unidirectional teaching to multi-dimensional, multidirectional learning. So why now? Primarily because we live in a changing, connected world, with increasingly complex problems to solve.
What is the Learning Paradigm?
The student-centered learning paradigm is not a new concept, but the implementation of these revised pedagogical strategies has yet to become mainstream in higher education. At the core of the learning paradigm is a foundation of reciprocity between students and faculty. Essentially, it requires active, problem-based, collaborative strategies for both student and faculty learners. The learning paradigm is based on a community of continuous learners—both students and faculty. This change from higher education to continual learning has “learning how to learn” as its valuable product.
Just as early explorers set out to discover new places of potential riches, educators too can set out on their own journey of discovery in learning. Christopher Columbus, who was looking for a new world, certainly found something that resembled a “new” place—unfamiliar people, plants, foods, and treasures. But what he really did was bridge two unconnected land masses already sharing the same water and sky. Similarly, faculty “explorers” of the new learning paradigm can help students connect seemingly distant concepts, creating bridges to deeper, synthesized, and meaningful learning.
Beginning and Continuing the Journey
When working toward changing a paradigm, especially one that may have worked well for us as students, it is important to consider the future—what will our students’ emerging careers be, what skills and knowledge are essential for them to be engaged in their professional worlds, and what paradigms might they face? Our teaching behaviors, our expectations we set for our students, and our students’ learning behaviors must evolve to fit our students’ futures.
Tagg (2003) reminds us that to change our paradigm from teaching to learning is to view education through a new lens—“seeing” our work in a different light and having diverse experiences as we and our students interact to learn. As we peer through the telescope to chart our course toward a new horizon of a learning paradigm, what do we see? Where will BGSU students and faculty travel in their journey toward a learning paradigm? Click on the COMMENTS link below to get started!
An additional BGSU resource is “
Premier Learning: A Scenario for BGSU in 2020.” Convened by President Ribeau in May 2007, the Strategic Positioning Group prepared this report that conveys a vision for our University. You can read the report at the
Office of the Provost & Vice President for Academic Affairs website. A
video relating to this document is also available.
References
- Bain, K. (2004). What the best college teachers do. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Barr, R. B., & Tagg, J. (1995). From teaching to learning—A new paradigm for undergraduate education. Change (27) 6, 12-25.
- Fink, L. D. (2003). Creating significant learning experiences: An integrated approach to designing college courses. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Smith, K. A., & Waller, A. A. (1997). New paradigms for college teaching. In Campbell, W. E., & Smith, K. A. (Eds.), Paradigms for college teaching (pp.269-281). Edina, MN: Interaction.
- Tagg, J. (2003). The learning college paradigm. Bolton, MA: Anker.
November 13th, 2007
Many faculty scoff at the phrase above, often exclaiming, “Isn’t all teaching ’student-centered’ or ‘learner-centered’?” Well, not exactly. Here are some descriptors to help clarify the true intent of the term, learner-centered (or learning-centered) teaching:
- providing choices for students in relation to where, how, and when they study,
- fostering (focusing on) learning rather than teaching (incorporating active rather than passive learning),
- encouraging student responsibility (and accountability) and activity rather than teacher control and content delivery,
- developing mutuality and interdependence in the teacher-learner relationship, and
- emphasizing context-specific learning in which students build their own new understandings and skills through engagement with authentic problems based on ‘real world’ experiences (emphasizing deep learning and understanding as opposed to simple “coverage”).
Maryellen Weimer describes seven “Do” principles for teachers/faculty to begin their planning for learner-centered teaching:
- Teachers do learning tasks less (let the students do more)
- Teachers do less telling; students do more discovering
- Teachers do more (instructional) design work
- Faculty do more modeling (of the learning process — for student benefit)
- Faculty do more to get students learning from and with each other (collaborative)
- Faculty work to create climates for learning (conditions conducive to learning)
- Faculty do more with feedback (formative ‘along-the-way’ and summative assessments; grades and comments)
For more information on learner-centered teaching:
Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Practice
by Maryellen Weimer (2002). Jossey-Bass. (A summary by Bill Peirce; available for check-out from the Center’s Library)
Chickering and Gamson’s Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education
From The American Association for Higher Education Bulletin, March 1987
Mapping the Learning Space: Overview of the Territory
5 Learner-Centered Principles and Practices in Higher Ed: Design Implications, Learning Activities, Deeper Learning, Teaching Practices, and Technology Uses
International Institute on Student-centered Learning and Engagement
May 20-23, 2008 at Portland State University
Student-Centered Learning: What Does it Mean for Students and Lecturers?
O’Neill & McMahon, 2005
Briefly describe one of your “learner-centered teaching” activities or strategies . . . Click on the COMMENTS link below to get started!
October 29th, 2007
Here is a sampling of things overheard during the “Challenges Regarding Copyright and Use” Discussion held in the Pallister Conference room of Jerome Library on October 2:
- Copyright is a balancing test between protecting rights of creators and the promotion of knowledge
- Copyright law is based on varying interpretations depending on jurisdiction, legal precidents, and intent
- Common Misuses
- scanning an article into a PDF format (obtain permission and/or check copyright permissions first)
- putting a full PDF copy of an article on your Blackboard site (post a link instead, if from our libraries research database)
- Questions discussed included:
- use of digital videos
- transferring from video to DVD (or other format conversions)
- creating a digital archive or copy of ancient works from another country
- use of PDFs
- Keys to remember:
- link to an article when possible, rather than providing it
- article in e-reserves – use only once per semester; after that, permission should be obtained
- course packs – you or printer must obtain permission
- exercise your citizen rights by contacting legislators regarding proposed/needed changes for educational purposes
- you must make a reasonable attempt to seek permission
- make sure YOUR works are available for future use (refer to Author’s Rights Addendum from SPARC)
- Additional Links:
- Checklist for Fair Use – A general overview of what can be considered Fair Use; developed by Kenneth Crews, Indiana University
- Office of General Counsel on Copyright at Catholic University of America (News, checklists, and Q&A with a lawyer)
The next University Libraries Discussion session will be Publishing in Transition on Monday, November 5, from 11:30-1:00.
What other questions or comments do you have regarding copyright?…Click on the COMMENTS link below to get started!
October 4th, 2007
Here are a couple of useful resources that we would like to share:
The Library of Congress offers an Ask-a-Librarian service, where they provide the ability to choose a research area and then ask a librarian via either online chat or email.
http://www.loc.gov/rr/askalib/
Another option is to use BGSU’s own Ask-a-Librarian service, The library offers help via online chat, email, phone, and one-on-one consultations.
http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/library/infosrv/ref/ask.html
Both of these services can provide useful tools that can be utilized from home, office, or dorm room.
What luck have you had with either service? Have you shared these resources with your students? Are there any other similar services that you use?…Click on the COMMENTS link below to get started!
October 3rd, 2007
The most recent CTLT newsletter, “Communicating for Learners,” is available online as a PDF. Here is a listing of what’s available in this issue:
For previous issues of the Center’s newsletter, see our archives.
September 26th, 2007
Previous Posts
This is Part 3 of our series on Ken Bain’s visit to BGSU. Ken serves as Vice Provost, Professor of History, and Director of the Research Academy for University Learning at Montclair State University and is the author of “What the Best College Teachers Do.”
